A proof of loss is a formal, signed statement to your insurer detailing the facts and amount of your claim. When your insurer demands one, the rules matter. Missing the deadline or submitting an incomplete proof of loss can result in your claim being denied or delayed, even if the underlying loss was clearly covered.
A proof of loss typically includes: the date and cause of the loss; your interest in the property; the value of the property at the time of loss; the amount of loss you are claiming; any insurance from other carriers; and a statement under oath attesting to the accuracy. It must be signed and typically notarized.
Many policies require a signed proof of loss within 60 days of a loss. Some policies require it only when the insurer demands it. The specific requirement in your policy controls. Some insurers use it as standard process; others reserve it for disputed claims or large losses. Read your policy's duties after loss section carefully.
Failure to submit a timely proof of loss when required can give the insurer grounds to deny your claim. However, courts in New York generally hold that this defense is only available when the insurer was actually prejudiced — when the late or missing proof actually harmed their ability to investigate.
If your insurer sends you a proof of loss form: read it carefully and complete every section; do not estimate values you are uncertain about — write to be determined if needed; keep a copy; send it by certified mail; and note the receipt date. You can file a preliminary proof of loss and supplement it later.
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Regulatory resource: New York Department of Financial Services — https://www.dfs.ny.gov. The Insurance Professor provides education only — not legal or insurance advice.