California Insurance Education

Bad Faith Insurance

Insurance bad faith occurs when your insurer fails to act reasonably and fairly in handling your claim. Every insurance policy in California contains an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing — and when an insurer violates that covenant, it exposes itself to damages that go well beyond the original claim.

01

What Constitutes Bad Faith

Common examples of insurance bad faith include: denying a valid claim without a reasonable basis; failing to investigate thoroughly; making a lowball settlement offer without justification; delaying payment indefinitely; refusing to defend when defense is owed; misrepresenting policy provisions; and failing to communicate claim status timely.

02

First-Party vs. Third-Party Bad Faith

First-party bad faith arises when you seek payment from your own insurer — homeowners, health, or collision claims. Third-party bad faith arises when your liability insurer fails to settle within your policy limits, exposing you to an excess judgment. Both types are recognized in California.

03

Damages Available for Bad Faith

In a successful bad faith case, you may recover: the original claim amount; consequential damages caused by the delayed or denied payment; emotional distress damages; and in egregious cases, punitive damages. Attorney's fees may also be recoverable, making it economically viable to pursue even modest claims.

04

Before Filing a Bad Faith Claim

Document everything — every denial letter, phone call summary, deadline missed, and representation made by an adjuster. File a complaint with the California insurance department to create a public record. Then consult with a California policyholder's attorney who handles bad faith claims. Many take these cases on contingency.

California-Specific Facts

What California Policyholders Need to Know

  • California recognizes both tort bad faith and statutory bad faith under Cal. Ins. Code §790.03
  • Brandt fees: attorney's fees are recoverable as damages when bad faith is proven
  • Punitive damages require clear and convincing evidence of malice, oppression, or fraud
  • California's UIPA prohibits specific bad faith conduct
  • Statute of limitations: 2 years for bad faith tort claims in California
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Regulatory resource: California Department of Insurancehttps://www.insurance.ca.gov. The Insurance Professor provides education only — not legal or insurance advice.

Bad Faith Insurance — Other States